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Stocks indexes recently hit new record highs after interest-rate reduction and big announcement from Nvidia.gettyStock prices rose after Wednesday’s close to hit new record highs. Contributing factors included the Fed’s quarter-point rate reduction and Nvidia’s announced investment in Intel. The large-cap S&P 500 index rose 0.5% while the technology-focused Nasdaq Composite rose 0.9%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average, focused on blue-chip stocks, rose 0.3%. The Fed also projected two additional rate cuts th ...

The Fed has lowered its benchmark interest rate and two more rate cuts may follow before year-end. gettyStock prices had mixed results in trading Wednesday as investors digested the Fed’s decision to lower interest rates by 0.25 percentage points. It was the first rate reduction of 2025. The large-cap S&P 500 index fell less than 0.1% while the technology-focused Nasdaq Composite fell 0.6%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average, focused on blue-chip stocks, rose 0.5%. The market had anticipated the quarter-point ...

[角色] 你是一名拥有10年投资银行从业经验的资深研究分析师，专门负责上市公司、行业研究。你擅长解读公司财报、行业动态、宏观市场，发现潜在的投资机会和风险。 [任务] 你需要仔细研读一份上市公司或者行业研究的电话会议记录，请阅读全文，一步一步思考，总结全文列出关键要点，不要错过任何信息，包括： * 纪要涉及的行业或者公司 * 纪要提到的核心观点和论据 * 其他重要但是可能被忽略的内容 如果没有相关内容，请跳过这一部分，进行其他的部分。 总结时要全面、详细、尽可能覆盖全部的内容、不遗漏重点,并根据上述方面对内容进行分组。 要引用原文数字数据和百分比变化,注意单位换算(billion=十亿,million=百万,thousand=千)。 [注意事项] 1) 使用中文,不要出现句号 2) 采用markdown格式 3) 不使用第一人称,以"公司"、"行业"代替 4) 只输出关于公司和行业的内容 5) 在每一个关键点后用[序号]形式引用原文档id 6) 一个[序号]只应该包含一个数字，不能包含多个，如果多个就用[序号][序号]分开写，不要写成 [序号-序号] 7) 每个关键要点后边的 [序号] 不要超过 3 个 Content: --------- <doc id='1'> August 24, 2025 07:26 PM GMT Investor Presentation | Asia Pacific M Foundation Growth Cool, Policy Drip, Market Buoyant Related Reports: Growth Cool, Policy Drip, Market Buoyant (21 August 2025) Is the HIBOR Spike a Headwind? (20 August 2025) </doc> <doc id='2'>Morgan Stanley Asia Limited Robin Xing Chief China Economist Robin.Xing@morganstanley.com +852 2848-6511 Jenny Zheng, CFA Economist Jenny.L.Zheng@morganstanley.com +852 3963-4015</doc> <doc id='3'>M Growth Is Slowing in August Container ships from China to the US slowed MTD, pointing to payback of previous export front-loading</doc> <doc id='4'>-120% -100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% Jan-24 Feb-24 Mar-24 Apr-24 May-24 Jun-24 Jul-24 Aug-24 Sep-24 Oct-24 Nov-24 Dec-24 Jan-25 Feb-25 Mar-25 Apr-25 May-25 Jun-25 Jul-25 Aug-25 YoY China exports to US Cargo-carrying container ships from China to the US-RS MTD</doc> <doc id='5'>-20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Jan-23 Feb-23 Mar-23 Apr-23 May-23 Jun-23 Jul-23 Aug-23 Sep-23 Oct-23 Nov-23 Dec-23 Jan-24 Feb-24 Mar-24 Apr-24 May-24 Jun-24 Jul-24 Aug-24 Sep-24 Oct-24 Nov-24 Dec-24 Jan-25 Feb-25 Mar-25 Apr-25 May-25 Jun-25 Jul-25 Aug-25 YoY CPCA Auto Volume Sales Online Home Appliance Volume Sales* MTD</doc> <doc id='6'>Source: Bloomberg, CMM, Morgan Stanley Research Auto and home appliance sales growth slumped in early August</doc> <doc id='7'>M Continued Property Downtrend</doc> <doc id='8'>5,000 7,000 9,000 11,000 13,000 15,000 17,000 19,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Weekly secondary home sales (4WMA, units) 2019-2023 avg. 2024 2025</doc> <doc id='9'>-14% -12% -10% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% -2.0% -1.5% -1.0% -0.5% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2022-05 2022-07 2022-09 2022-11 2023-01 2023-03 2023-05 2023-07 2023-09 2023-11 2024-01 2024-03 2024-05 2024-07 2024-09 2024-11 2025-01 2025-03 2025-05 2025-07 Transaction price m-m Transaction price y-y (RHS)</doc> <doc id='10'>Source: Wind, Beike, Morgan Stanley Research Foundation</doc> <doc id='11'>Weakening secondary home sales... ...and transaction price</doc> <doc id='12'>M Fading Fiscal Impulse Caps Infrastructure Capex A modest rebound in cement shipment suggests reduced weather disruption on infrastructure...</doc> <doc id='13'>...but sustainability is in question, given reduced fiscal impulse from August</doc> <doc id='14'>0 10 20 30 40 50 极速 70 80 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Weekly Cement Shipments in China 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 mt</doc> <doc id='15'>540 688 1618 821 993 1158 1179 766 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 1H Avg Jul Aug MTD Sep-Dec Avg (E) Net Govt. Bond Financing (excluding special financing bond), RMB Bn 2024 2025</doc> 极速 <doc id='16'>Source: Digital Cement, Wind, CEIC, Morgan Stanley Research</doc> <doc id='17'>M Why Market Sentiment Holds Up 1: Liquidity</doc> <doc id='18'>-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 极速 Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20 Jan-21 Jan-22 Jan-23 Jan-24 Jan-25 MSCI China, YoY Chg% China Free Liquidity, YoY Chg%, RHS MS Estimated China Free Liquidity, RHS</doc> <doc id='19'>MS Free Liquidity Indicator finally turned positive from June Major institutions and retail investors may have brought ~Rmb1.5-1.7trn inflow to A share market in 1H25</doc> <doc id='20'>Insurance: 600 Private funds: 280 Mutual funds: 90-100 PBoC swap & relending: 135 400-500 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Major institutions Retail Investors 1H25 Inflows to A-share Market, Rmb bn</doc> <doc id='21'>Source: CE极速IC, Wind, PBoC, MSCI, AMAM, FactSet, Morgan Stanley Research. LHS chart note: Data as of end-July 2025. Free Liquidity = M1 growth less Producer Price Inflation less Industrial Production growth (极速3-month moving average is used for IP YoY). Plotted trendline represents Morgan Stanley Economics team's quarterly estimates for 2极速Q25 through 4Q25. For M1 since 2025, we used official M1 - household demand deposit.</doc> <doc id='22'>M Why Market Sentiment Holds Up 1: Liquidity (Cont.) Signs of household asset allocation towards stock market, with larger-than-seasonal drop in household deposits...</doc> <doc id='23'>(3,000) (2,000) (1,000) 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec New Household Deposits, RMB bn Past 5Y Avg. 2024 2025 (4,000) (3,000) (2,000) (1,000) 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec New Non-bank Financial Institution Deposit (Rmb bn) Past 5Y Avg. 2024 2025</doc> <doc id='24'>Source: CEIC, Morgan Stanley Research</doc> <doc id='26'>...and strong increase in deposit of non-bank financial institutions in July</doc> <doc id='27'>M Why Market Sentiment Holds Up 2: Narrative</doc> <doc id='28'>Small steps in the right direction, with the anti-involution push… …and recently announced pro-consumption measures …… Interest subsidy on consumer loans Free Preschool Education New Birth Subsidy Rmb3,600/year for children under three years old (~Rmb100bn/year in total) ~Rmb60bn/year in total once fully rolled out Possible subsidy amount: ~Rmb50bn Worst Case The economy may fall back to deflation after short-lived price upswings in some sectors, as final demand remains weak. Less Optimal Scenario Fast reflation in the near- term, but old habits die hard. Misallocation could re- appear in other sectors and cause involuted competition and price pressures. Base Case Deflation to persist into 2026 as reflation remains gradual; but exit from deflation 极速would be durable. Ideal Scenario More robust and sustainable reflation to take hold as economic rebalancing speed up. Anti-involution Implementation Market-based Measures +Structural Reforms Soft Accommodative Campaign-style Demand Condition</doc> <doc id='29'>Source: CEIC, Morgan Stanley Research</doc> <doc id='30'>M Current Market Narrative May Hold in the Near Term</doc> <doc极速 id='31'>Near-term inflation and credit data will continue to be supported by a low base -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 Mar-18 Jul-18 Nov-18 Mar-19 Jul-19 Nov-19 Mar-20 Jul-20 Nov-20 Mar-21 Jul-21 Nov-21 Mar-22 Jul-22 Nov-22 Mar-23 Jul-23 Nov-23 Mar-24 Jul-24 Nov-24 Mar-25 Jul-25 YoY% PPI M1 Low base</doc> <doc id='32'>US-China trade relations appear anchored in the near term by framework agreements and strategic leverage over rare earths</doc> <doc id='33'>107% 71% 61% 45% 11% 22% 34% 59% 123% 40% 42% 43% 43% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% Jan-25 Feb-25 Mar-25 Apr 2, 2025 Apr 10, 2025 Apr 11, 2025 May 12, 2025 Jun 3, 2025 Aug 1, 2025 2Q25E 3Q25E 4Q25极速E US Weighted Avg. Tariffs on China's Exports Previously Assumed Tariff Path Before May 12th Tariff Path in our New Baseline</doc> <doc id='34'>Two potential triggers that could disrupt positive narratives on reflation and the market: However, these are NOT our base case, at least for the near term Source: CEIC, White House, Dataweb, Morgan Stanley Research • A sharp growth/earnings slowdown • An unexpected escalation of trade tensions</doc> <doc id='35'>M Some Nuances in PBoC's Stance Towards Liquidity Management</doc> <doc id='36'>PBoC has reduced the magnitude of net liquidity injection since June... ...as 7-day interbank rate shifts towards its benchmark level 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 Apr-23 Jun-23 Aug-23 Oct-23 Dec-23 Feb-24 Apr-24 Jun-24 Aug-24 Oct-24 Dec-24 Feb-25 Apr-25 Jun-25 Aug-25 % p.a. DR007 7D Reverse Repo Rate (Policy Rate)</doc> <doc id='37'>The 2Q Monetary Policy Implementation Report released on August 15th re-mentioned "guarding against idle funds" again, after dropping this in the 1Q report, and omitted prior references to "making good use of swap facilities for securities, funds, and insurance companies, as well as stock repurchase loans" Source: CEIC, Morgan Stanley Research.</doc> <doc id='38'>M But Immediate Stock Market Curbs Appear Unlikely, Given Still Reasonable Leverage A-share margin financing balance as a % of free float market cap is still in line with historical average</doc> <doc id='39'>0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 Feb-13 Aug-13 Feb-14 Aug-14 Feb-15 Aug-15 Feb-16 Aug-16 Feb-17 Aug-17 Feb-18 Aug-18 Feb-19 Aug-19 Feb-20 Aug-20 Feb-21 Aug-21 Feb-22 Aug-22 Feb-23 Aug-23 Feb-24 Aug-24 Feb-25 Aug-25 A share total margin financing balance (USD mn) Margin financing balance as % of free float mkt cap (RHS)</doc> <doc id='40'>Margin financing as a % of A share daily turnover is still below peak level in 2020, and much lower than 2015</doc> <doc id='42'>Source: CEIC, Morgan Stanley Research. Data as of August 18, 2025</doc> <doc id='43'>M Structural Reforms Are Still Needed to Rebalance the Economy</doc> <doc id='44'>China's fiscal system incentivizes overbuilding and overcapacity with heavy reliance on indirect taxes Official statistics mechanism prioritizes investment and output, and officials are promoted on those metrics Reform fiscal system Realign macro targets Revamp official performance evaluations China's macro targets have been predominantly production-based, with insufficient attention to household consumption and social welfare. Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs Meeting The 15th Five-Year Plan One signal to watch: Whether "consumption as a percentage of GDP" becomes a core policy metric</doc> <doc id='45'>Morgan Stanley Research 11 Source: Morgan Stanley Research.</doc> <doc id='46'>M "5R" Reflation Strategy: Incremental Progress on Rebalancing | Expected Progress by End-2025 | Policy Measures | Best Scenario | | --- | --- | --- | | Reflation | • 1.6ppt of GDP widening in the augmented fiscal deficit in | • A consumption-focused Rmb10trn fiscal package over the | | | 2025 | next two years | | (20-25%) | • PBoC cut policy rate by 10bp and RRR by 50bp. We expect | • More meaningful monetary easing measures to lower | | | another 15-20bp policy rate cut and 50bp RRR cut in 2H25. | elevated real interest rates | | | • Consumption support: consumer goods trade-in; wage hike | • Meaningful rise in social welfare spending to unleash | | | for civil servants. | elevated household savings极速 for consumption | | Rebalancing | • Social welfare: national fertility subsidies; free pre-school | • Launch of "Structural Reform 2.0" to reform supply-centric | | (25-30%) | education. | incentives and curb inefficient manufacturing capacity | | | • Anti-involution: current measures mainly center around | | | | capacity consolidation and verbal guidance | | | | • A 5-year Rmb10trn local govt. debt swap program | • Rmb3-4trn central government/quasi-fiscal funding to help | | Restructuring | | digest housing inventory | | | • Wider govt. bond usage for land and housing inventory | • A comprehensive LGFV debt resolution plan to evenly | | (60-80%) | buyback | share the burden among central government, local | | | • Rmb300bn in PBoC relending for converting housing | governments, PBoC and banks | | | inventory to social housing | | | Reform | | • SOE reforms to improve public sector productivity | | | • Possibly some modest stock market and fiscal reform | • Fiscal and tax reforms revamp local government | | (25%) | | incentives and improve the efficiency of resource | | | | allocation | | | • President Xi held a symposium with private firms, with Jack | | | | Ma included. | • Clearer signals to end the regulatory reset since 2021 | | Re

报告行业投资评级 未提及 报告的核心观点 - 本次中国供给侧改革更为复杂，需求对再通胀至关重要，虽有改革信号但路径依赖仍强，2025年下半年经济增长或放缓，贸易、房地产、财政等方面面临挑战，需新刺激和增长模式，“5R”再通胀战略进展缓慢且不均衡，人民币国际化面临挑战 [2][5][11] 根据相关目录分别进行总结 供给侧改革 - 此次供给侧改革是“新瓶装旧酒”，与2015 - 2018年的供给侧改革1.0相比，目标行业主要为中下游、企业所有制以民营企业为主、潜在方法更平衡细致、面临的产能过剩挑战为先进产能，且需求刺激受高政府债务约束 [2] 改革信号 - 近期多项会议和动态显示改革紧迫性提升，但路径依赖仍强，如三中全会提出财政等改革，人民日报评论平台经济内卷，中央财经委会议重申改革等 [6] 经济增长 - 预计2025年下半年中国实际GDP增速降至4.5%以下，经济或处于缓慢再通胀路径，出口前置和财政宽松效应消退 [11] 贸易紧张 - 美国对部分国家的互惠关税有调整，如加拿大从25%升至35%、欧盟从20%升至30%等，8月12日中美90天关税休战结束，中国出口增长2025年2季度或强劲，下半年放缓 [16][19] 房地产市场 - 低线城市住房库存高、房价持续下跌，国家发改委考虑相关资金渠道，实际影响取决于资金规模等因素；一手房和二手房销售均疲软，建筑活动弱，钢筋和水泥需求低迷 [21][22][25] 零售销售 - 零售销售总体稳健但有隐忧，家电销售6月18日后降温，非以旧换新项目的商品销售低迷 [35] 财政空间 - 主要税收收入和土地销售未达预算，政府融资受高债务水平限制 [43] “5R”再通胀战略 - 包括再通胀、再平衡、重组、改革、重启，各方面有不同政策措施和预期进展，但均未达最佳情景 [47] 人民币国际化 - 香港和美国有相关稳定币法案和法案推进，人民币跨境结算有一定进展，但人民币在全球外汇储备份额近三年下滑，因投资者担忧中国3D挑战 [48][50][52]

中国企业出海成功案例 - 个护品牌TYMO的电动卷发、直发梳产品针对拉美裔和非洲裔需求，海外定价70至80美金，在欧美市场常年霸榜 [2] - 厨具品牌卡罗特采用马卡龙色系设计，适配欧美年轻人注重厨具颜值的需求，成为全球亚马逊品类第一 [2] - 灯具品牌Govee通过模块化设计满足欧美DIY文化需求，产品溢价显著高于国内同类产品 [3] - 宠物服饰品牌针对北欧冬季需求推出高端定制圣诞服装，单件售价200-300欧元 [4] 出海市场定位策略 - 目标市场定位需细化到具体人群而非泛泛国家概念，如德国市场应区分中产、年轻人或移民群体 [5] - 选择出海目的地需遵循"一大一小"原则：扩大范围但落脚点要小，满足特定人群的固定需求 [5] - Temu在欧洲的成功主要依靠移民家庭和年轻消费者群体 [5] 产品设计思维差异 - 中国产品倾向多功能集成（"筷子思维"），而西方市场偏好单一功能产品（"刀叉思维"） [7] - Relax Box案例显示，过度添加功能反而可能违背消费者核心需求（放松），导致产品失败 [6] - 比利时企业将消防瓶设计为艺术品形态，单价达80欧元，开拓礼品市场新赛道 [10] 行业竞争与趋势 - 海外市场竞争后期将淘汰纯低价策略企业，留存者需具备长远布局能力 [8] - 企业出海失败常因触动当地行业利益，如线上渠道冲击线下引发布局行业协会抵制 [8] - 建议采取"圣诞老人"策略而非"成吉思汗"式扩张，提供当地真正需要的产品和服务 [9] 新兴消费趋势 - 欧美正经历"大财富转移"，约20万亿美金将从战后一代转移至85后、95后群体 [13] - 新一代消费者生活方式变化将催生新品牌机会，如户外露营取代传统室内社交 [14] - 企业需陪伴消费者成长，从当前AI智能升级转向未来"Rebalancing"平衡需求 [14] 人才与文化挑战 - 日本、法国等市场存在显著文化差异，语言沟通不能仅依赖翻译工具 [15] - 成功出海人才需具备文化敏感度、创新包容性和市场观察能力 [15] - 建议年轻人实地考察中国70-80个"生产之都"，培养商业敏感度 [16]