September 18, 2025 10:44 AM GMT Oil Data Digest | Europe Weekly Oil Stock Summary Total oil inventories drew by 7.9 mln bbls last week. Crude stocks drew by 8.0 mln bbls, due to a large draw in the US. Refined product stocks were flat WoW, as builds in the West offset draws in Asia. The charts below summarise all oil inventory data available on a weekly basis for the US from the EIA, Antwerp-Rotterdam-Amsterdam (ARA) from Genscape and PJK, Japan from PAJ, Singapore from IE, and the Fujairah hub (UAE). Exhib ...

行业与公司 * 纪要涉及石油行业 具体为美国原油及成品油市场 数据来源主要为美国能源信息署(EIA)和瑞银(UBS) [1][9][10] * 报告由瑞银分析师Nayoung Kim Henri Patricot和Joshua Stone编写 主要面向全球主要石油公司及机构投资者 [10][122] 核心观点与论据 **原油库存大幅下降** * 原油库存减少920万桶 远超共识预期的90万桶降幅和5年平均降幅270万桶 [1] * 库存下降主因是炼厂原油加工量周环比减少39.4万桶/日至1642.4万桶/日 同时净原油进口周降31万桶/日 [1][11] * 原油产量微降1.3万桶/日至1350万桶/日 [1] **成品油需求周度回升** * 隐含石油产品消费量周增9万桶/日至2060万桶/日 逆转了前一周的下降趋势 [2] * 汽油需求领涨 周增30万桶/日 馏分油 其他油品和燃料油各增20万桶/日 航空煤油和丙烷小幅下降 [2] * 四周平均需求增长2%至2070万桶/日 [2] **成品油库存大幅增加** * 总产品库存周增1050万桶至8.67亿桶 [3] * 其他油品库存增750万桶 馏分油增400万桶(远超共识100万桶) 丙烷增130万桶 航空煤油增60万桶 [3] * 汽油库存减少230万桶(与共识增加10万桶相反) 燃料油和燃料乙醇小幅下降 [3] **炼厂运营与区域动态** * 炼厂利用率下降160个基点至93.3%(共识降40个基点) [1] * 库欣地区原油库存减少30万桶至2360万桶 PADD II和III地区库存合计减少860万桶至3.404亿桶 [11] **长期需求趋势分析** * 2024年美国石油总需求预计为2000万桶/日 同比增长0.6% 其中汽油需求下降1.6% 馏分油需求增长7.8% [14] * 2025年一季度需求表现强劲 1月需求同比增长4.8% 2月增长1.3% 汽油需求在1月和2月分别增长9.1%和10.5% [14] * 运输燃料需求在2025年前两个月表现强劲 1月和2月分别增长7.3%和8.9% [14] 其他重要内容 **市场风险提示** * 油价在短期 中期和长期都极度波动 经常受到不可预测事件的影响 包括自然灾害 [86] * 历史上油价一直难以预测 因为许多政治 地质和经济趋势及事件影响石油供需 [86] **数据覆盖与计算方法** * 报告包含详细的分区域(PADD)库存 产量 进出口和需求数据 提供了全面的市场供需图景 [11] * 采用四周平均数据平滑周度波动 更准确反映趋势变化 [2][11] * 包含库存覆盖天数指标 衡量库存相对需求水平 [11] **免责声明与合规信息** * 报告包含大量合规声明和风险提示 表明这是面向专业投资者的研究报告 [87][125] * 瑞银可能与被研究公司有业务往来 可能存在利益冲突 [9] * 分析师认证报告内容独立准备 薪酬不与具体推荐直接挂钩 [89]

Global oil demand through September 17 expands by 520 kbd YoY Global liquids inventories surge 72 mb so far in September • For the week ending September 12, visible OECD commercial oil inventories and Singapore stocks remained unchanged. A 10 mb decline in crude oil inventories was offset by an equivalent increase in oil product stocks (Figure 3). In the first half of this month, these regions added a total of 20 mb to their overall stockpiles, with crude stocks decreasing by 9 mb and oil product inventorie ...

涉及的行业与公司 * 石油与天然气行业 涉及俄罗斯石油生产商 美国页岩油生产商 以及OPEC+产油国集团[1][2][3][4][12][37][38][39] * 炼油行业 涉及俄罗斯 欧洲 美国及中国的炼油厂[1][4][64] 核心观点与论据：价格与地缘政治 * 布伦特原油价格一周内上涨2美元/桶至67美元/桶 主要驱动因素是无人机袭击导致俄罗斯炼油能力受损约0.3百万桶/日 引发供应担忧[1] * 地缘政治风险（对俄罗斯的制裁与袭击）掩盖了实物平衡软化的基本面 市场关注点从库存积累转向供应中断风险[1][3] * 俄罗斯海运柴油出口在过去6个月下降近一半 即0.5百万桶/日 原因是制裁压力加大和炼厂开工率降低[1] 核心观点与论据：供应与生产 * 俄罗斯原油生产现时预测已降至8.8百万桶/日 为疫情后最低水平 过去三年呈下降趋势[2][9] * 俄罗斯产量下行风险更多来自生产商价格激励下降及制裁带来的技术操作瓶颈 而非国外需求减少 亚洲买家仍表示愿意进口俄罗斯原油[2] * 可追踪的净供应量上周增加0.7百万桶/日 因伊朗和俄罗斯产量现时预测小幅上升[3][12] * 美国下48州（除墨西哥湾）原油生产现时预测保持韧性 为11.3百万桶/日 比8月预期高出0.1百万桶/日[12][28] * 加拿大液体产量现时预测小幅下降0.1百万桶/日至6.4百万桶/日[12][30] * 多个新原油项目预计在2025年底前投产 包括挪威的Balder X（峰值6.8万桶/日）和圭亚那的Liza Phase 4（峰值22.5万桶/日）[33] 核心观点与论据：需求与库存 * 预计全球石油需求同比增长将从第三季度的1.3百万桶/日放缓至第四季度的0.6百万桶/日 汽油和航空燃油需求的季节性顺风正在消退[3] * 经合组织（OECD）商业库存现时预测上周增加2700万桶至27.96亿桶 与国际能源署（IEA）向上修正2800万桶一致 对布伦特1M/36M期差造成-2美元/桶的压力[3][12][15] * 全球可见石油库存上周增加5900万桶至66.36亿桶 过去90天以近1.0百万桶/日的速度积累[12][19][22] * 中国原油和成品油库存年内积累速度是OECD商业库存的两倍[26] * 中国石油需求现时预测小幅下降0.1百万桶/日至17.8百万桶/日 但仍高于预期[12][47] * 欧洲石油需求现时预测在8月软化0.5百万桶/日至13.6百万桶/日 比8月预期低0.2百万桶/日[3][12][53] 核心观点与论据：炼油与成品油 * 尽管原油平衡软化 但成品油裂解利润（尤其是柴油）依然强劲 原因包括俄罗斯炼油厂停产和季节性因素[4] * 未来几个月有效炼油能力面临逆风 包括：欧洲9月更多炼厂维护 美国炼厂维护季开始（可能比去年更重） 尼日利亚Dangote汽油装置可能停产至12月 以及中国新“反内卷”税收法规对独立炼厂利润造成压力[4] 核心观点与论据：市场结构与交易 * 布伦特1M/36M期差与其库存隐含公允价值的差距收窄至-11个百分点 处于其历史分布的9百分位（2005年以来样本） 因OECD库存保持低位[55][57] * 原油多头/空头比率处于11百分位（原油） 但处于91百分位（柴油）和84百分位（汽油）（2024年5月1日以来样本） 表明成品油看涨头寸更为拥挤[13][73] * 平均原油基差仍处于其历史分布的最高十分位数[13] 其他重要内容 * OPEC8+（OPEC及其盟友）8月合规情况改善 其原油和凝析油海运净出口现同比增长0.9百万桶/日[38][39] * 全球可见柴油库存显示复苏迹象 表明柴油供应紧张状况正在缓解[63] * 西北欧简单和复杂炼油利润依然非常强劲[64] * 俄罗斯海运液体出口总量较一年前下降0.6百万桶/日[66]

嗯 用户给了一份摩根大通的原油市场周报 需要我以资深分析师的视角来解读 让我先通读全文 把握核心内容 这份报告主要分析了2025年9月的原油市场状况 特别是价格走势和供需基本面 我看到报告提到原油价格比预期要强 尽管有供应增加和库存积累 但价格仍然保持高位 报告中详细讨论了五个关键条件 这些条件在6月份被认定为油价开始反映年底疲软的必要前提 现在报告重新评估了这些条件的实现情况 我需要重点关注几个方面 全球库存变化特别是OECD和非OECD地区的差异 曲线结构从反向市场转向contango的变化 炼油利润和开工率的强劲表现 以及地缘政治风险溢价的变化 报告还包含大量数据表格 展示了供需平衡预测和OPEC+产量数据 这些都需要在总结中准确反映 好的 我现在准备按照用户要求的格式来组织回答 确保涵盖所有关键要点 并正确引用原文编号 原油市场分析报告关键要点 涉及的行业与公司 * 行业为全球原油市场 涉及石油生产 炼油和贸易[1][4] * 公司包括摩根大通大宗商品研究团队 OPEC+产油国集团 各国国家石油公司[3][44] 核心观点与论据 * 原油价格表现强于预期 2025年第三季度布伦特原油均价达到68美元/桶 比公司63美元的预测高出5美元[2][16] * 全球原油液体库存自年初以来增加2.1亿桶 但OECD地区库存积累仅占全球的25% 远低于40%的历史平均水平[8][9] * 原油期货曲线呈现"微笑"形态 近月合约仍处于反向市场(backwardation) 但远月合约转为contango[4][14] * 炼油利润和开工率在第三季度大幅上升 全球炼油加工量达到8390万桶/日的历史新高[16][19] * 美国和欧洲炼油产能关闭约820千桶/日 导致汽油 柴油和航空燃油供应受限[17][18] * 俄罗斯炼油厂受无人机袭击影响 近500千桶/日产能中断 柴油出口从6月的880千桶/日降至9月的640千桶/日或更低[20] * 中国2025年成品油出口平均为760千桶/日 较2023年减少100千桶/日[20] * 尼日利亚Dangote炼油厂停工导致欧洲汽油裂解价差急剧上升[20] 其他重要内容 * 中国库存已超过2020年6月COVID封锁期间的历史高点[10] * 全球至少有4.8亿桶地下存储容量 主要在中国和中东 卫星无法监测[8] * OECD商业石油产品库存仍比五年季节性平均水平低3300万桶[27] * 炼厂维护季节预计将使加工量从8月峰值 sequentially减少260万桶/日[28] * 公司上调2025年第四季度和2026年美国和欧洲柴油及汽油裂解价差预测[35][36] * 美国CPI预计将从8月的2.9%再上升50个基点 制约政府对俄罗斯制裁的执行能力[37] * 从美国制裁的Arctic LNG 2工厂向中国交付的三批货物未引起白宫反应[38] 数据预测 * 2025年布伦特原油均价预测为66美元/桶 2026年为58美元/桶[45] * 2025年全球石油需求预计为104.4百万桶/日 供应为106.3百万桶/日[41] * 2026年需求预计为105.7百万桶/日 供应为108.4百万桶/日[42] * OPEC原油产量2025年预计为29.8百万桶/日 2026年为30.1百万桶/日[41][42] 风险因素 * 建议淡化地缘政治风险溢价和制裁执行风险 因西方领导人对通胀的容忍度较低[6][37] * 俄罗斯买家越来越表现出规避美国限制的意愿[38]

**行业与公司** 行业聚焦全球石油市场 涉及OPEC+产量政策 非OPEC+供应预测及原油需求展望 公司层面未提及具体上市公司名称 但报告由UBS全球研究部发布 分析师团队覆盖石油公司与大型能源板块[1][6] **核心观点与论据** **OPEC维持供需平衡预测** OPEC 9月报告对2025-2026年原油市场平衡预测保持不变 预计对OPEC+原油需求为2025年04百万桶/日 2026年06百万桶/日[2] **需求增长预期稳定** OPEC需求增长预测未调整 2025年增长13百万桶/日（UBS预测09百万桶/日） 2026年增长14百万桶/日（UBS预测11百万桶/日） 其中OECD国家2025年需求增长01百万桶/日 2026年增长02百万桶/日[3] **非OPEC+供应增长一致** 非OPEC+供应增长预测维持2025年08百万桶/日（UBS预测09百万桶/日） 2026年06百万桶/日（UBS预测05百万桶/日） 美国液体产量增长2025年03百万桶/日（与UBS一致） 2026年01百万桶/日（与UBS一致）[4] **OPEC+自愿减产国产量超计划增加** 8月OPEC-9及其合作伙伴原油产量环比增加529千桶/日至3695百万桶/日 八个自愿减产国总产量环比增加552千桶/日 远超计划增产287千桶/日 主要驱动为沙特（+259千桶/日） 伊拉克（+122千桶/日） 阿联酋（+86千桶/日）和俄罗斯（+50千桶/日） 三个豁免国（伊朗 利比亚 委内瑞拉）总产量环比下降21千桶/日 主因伊朗减产27千桶/日[5] **其他重要内容** **油价波动风险警示** 油价受政治 地质 经济趋势及自然灾害等多因素影响 短期 中期和长期均呈现极高波动性 历史证明持续不可预测[7] **评级分布与研究方法披露** UBS全球股票评级中买入评级占比52% 中性41% 卖出8% 短期买入/卖出评级覆盖率均低于1% 分析师薪酬基于UBS整体收入（含投行与交易业务）但不直接与投行收入挂钩[11][39] **免责与合规声明** 报告包含广泛监管披露 涉及全球多地区分销限制 冲突管理政策及研究独立性保障机制 强调价格数据仅作参考 不得用于估值或绩效衡量目的[33][34][36]

**行业与公司** * 行业为石油行业 聚焦原油价格走势与市场供需平衡分析[1][5][6] * 涉及主要实体包括OPEC+联盟（核心成员为沙特阿拉伯 伊拉克 科威特 阿联酋） 美国页岩油生产商 俄罗斯 以及非OPEC产油国[18][32][34] **核心观点与论据** * **基准预测：油价在2026年前难以复苏** * 布伦特原油价格较2022年6月的峰值（略高于120美元）已下跌约45%[5] * 预计布伦特/WTI油价将进一步下跌 到2026年底平均价格分别为50多美元/桶和50美元/桶左右 远低于股票分析师75-80美元的长期中期周期预估[1][5] * 支撑此观点的主要论据是美国页岩油的韧性 其平均WTI盈亏平衡点估计在50美元出头 且在2015-2016年上一轮供应驱动的低价市场中 尽管WTI价格跌至30美元左右 页岩油月产量峰值至谷底的下降幅度（1.1百万桶/日或10%）远低于石油钻机数量的降幅（80%）[10][11] * 预计美国页岩油产量到2026年12月将下降0.4百万桶/日（2%）[14] * OPEC在供应驱动的价格下跌中的反应不如需求驱动时一致 增加了不确定性[7][16] * **上行风险：价格可能于2026年开始复苏** * **价格往往在库存见顶前触底**：在典型情况中 油价在OECD商业库存达到峰值前约6个月触底 因前瞻性市场对再平衡机制建立信心[21][25] * **广泛的供应增长放缓有助于市场再平衡**：历史模式显示 投资减少以及运营或政治约束导致的广泛供应放缓 往往能解决供应过剩问题；持续的趋势性俄罗斯产量下降可能有助于收紧市场[2][22][30][34] * **周期性估值缺口已为负值且倾向于恢复**：估值缺口（即期差减去经合组织库存隐含的价值）目前已经为负值（-7美元） 并在平坦价格触底前后趋于恢复[35][39] * **OPEC+行动的双面性** * 基准情形是OPEC+在2025年增产 将导致2025年第四季度至2026年出现供应过剩[1][41] * 但2025年的增产也可能通过抑制非OPEC供应、支持需求以及揭示核心OPEC之外有限产能的方式 在2026年后促进油市收紧[1][41] **其他重要内容** * **研究方法**：分析了1998年12月、2001年12月、2008年12月、2016年1月和2020年4月这五个历史价格低谷期的复苏模式[6][8][9] * **供应放缓的驱动因素**：历史表明 供应放缓是广泛的 主要受三个因素驱动：1）低价抑制边际生产商投资；2）运营和政治约束；3）OPEC的生产政策[30][32][33] * **长期展望**：高盛顶级项目非OPEC供应展望显示 随着大型非OPEC项目减少和美国页岩油成熟 本十年晚些时候供应形势将显著收紧[1][6]

行业与公司 * 纪要涉及石油行业 具体为美国原油及成品油市场 数据主要来源于美国能源信息署的每周石油状况报告[1][2][3][4][12] * 报告由UBS AG伦敦分行及其全球研究部分析师团队（Nayoung Kim Henri Patricot Joshua Stone）编制 覆盖全球主要石油公司[11][94] 核心观点与论据 **原油库存超预期增长 看跌市场** * 原油库存增加+3.9百万桶 与市场共识预期的-1.0百万桶降幅及五年平均+1.5百万桶的增幅相比均显看跌[1] * 原油总库存达424.6百万桶 较上年同期高+5.5百万桶 但较五年平均水平低-16.5百万桶[12] * 库欣地区库存小幅下降-0.4百万桶至23.9百万桶 较五年平均水平低-16.2百万桶[12] **炼厂活动与供应指标** * 炼厂加工量周环比下降-51千桶/日至16818千桶/日 但炼厂利用率逆势提升60个基点至94.9%的可操作产能[1][12] * 美国原油产量周环比小幅增加+72千桶/日至13495千桶/日 较上年同期增加+195千桶/日[4][12] * 原油净进口周环比增加+0.7百万桶/日[1] **成品油需求周环比下降** * 隐含石油产品总需求周环比下降-0.9百万桶/日至19.8百万桶/日[2] * 需求下降主要由汽油（-0.6百万桶/日）馏分油（-0.4百万桶/日）和燃料油（-0.4百万桶/日）引领[2] * 但四周平均需求增长+2%周环比 达到20.9百万桶/日[2] **成品油库存全面上升** * 总产品库存周环比大幅增加+11.5百万桶至857百万桶[3] * 馏分油库存增幅最大 增加+4.7百万桶（市场共识+35千桶）[3] * 汽油库存增加+1.5百万桶（市场共识-0.2百万桶）[3] * 其他产品库存亦普遍上升 包括其他油品+1.8百万桶 丙烷+1.5百万桶 燃料油+1.3百万桶 航空煤油+0.5百万桶 燃料乙醇+0.3百万桶[3] **长期需求趋势与出口** * 2024年美国石油总需求预计为20.0百万桶/日 较2023年的19.9百万桶/日增长+0.6%[15] * 汽油需求在2024年预计为8.7百万桶/日 较2023年下降-1.6%[15] * 中间馏分油需求在2024年预计为4.3百万桶/日 较2023年大幅增长+7.8%[15] * 美国汽油出口近期在约1000千桶/日水平波动[22][23] * 美国中间馏分油出口近期在约1400千桶/日水平波动[25][26] 其他重要内容 **地区库存动态** * 原油库存增长主要集中在PADD III（墨西哥湾沿岸）地区 增加+5.5百万桶至244.9百万桶[12] * PADD II（中西部）地区原油库存下降-1.7百万桶至104.1百万桶[12] * 汽油库存增长主要集中在PADD III地区 增加+0.6百万桶至81.9百万桶[12] * 馏分油库存增长主要集中在PADD I（东海岸 +1.5百万桶）和PADD II（+2.4百万桶）地区[12] **估值与风险声明** * 石油价格在短期 中期和长期内都极不稳定 经常受到 inherently unpredictable events 的影响 包括自然灾害[83] * 历史上 由于如此多的政治 地质和经济趋势及事件影响石油的供应和需求 石油价格已被证明 consistently unpredictable[83] **报告性质与免责声明** * 本报告由UBS AG伦敦分行编制 可能存在利益冲突 投资者应仅将其视为投资决策的单一因素[10] * 报告包含分析师认证 要求披露以及UBS全球研究评级定义[86][87][88]

[角色] 作为拥有10年投行经验的分析师，我将仔细研读这份电话会议记录，并总结关键要点。 [任务] 基于提供的文档内容，以下是详细分析： 涉及的行业或公司 * 全球石油行业 涉及石油市场供需基本面、价格预测及主要产油国组织OPEC+[2] * 美国能源信息署(EIA) 作为核心数据来源和预测机构被多次引用[2][3][4] * 非OPEC+产油国 包括美国、加拿大等国的供应情况[4] * 大型石油公司(Major Oil Companies) 作为潜在的分析对象被提及[5] 核心观点和论据 **看跌的市场展望** * EIA的9月短期能源展望(STEO)显示前景进一步疲软，是一个看跌的更新[2] * 石油市场预计将比之前预测的宽松0.1Mb/d，2025年盈余为1.7Mb/d，2026年盈余为1.6Mb/d[2] * 预计全球石油库存积累将从2025年第三季度到2026年第一季度平均超过2Mb/d[2] * 预计布伦特原油价格在2025年第四季度平均降至59美元/桶，并在2026年初进一步降至约50美元/桶[2] **需求增长预测调整** * 2025年需求增长预测下调85kb/d至0.9Mb/d，主要反映了美国前景疲软[3] * 但由于2024年基数更高(+173kb/d)，2025年绝对需求水平被上调90kb/d至103.8Mb/d[3] * 2026年需求增长预估上调90kb/d至1.3Mb/d，由美国和OECD欧洲更强劲的增长驱动，这抵消了非OECD需求增长的疲软(-61kb/d)[3] **供应增长预测** * 2025年非OPEC+供应增长预测保持不变，为1.5Mb/d，但由于2024年基数修订(+115kb/d)，绝对水平被上调114kb/d[4] * 2026年非OPEC+供应增长上调129kb/d至0.8Mb/d，由美国(+41kb/d)和加拿大(+71kb/d)更高的供应驱动[4] * 在美国，原油增长估计大致维持在2025年210kb/d和2026年-140kb/d，2026年更强劲的前景得到改善的NGLs增长(+50kb/d)支撑[4] * 钻井活动持续疲软，8月数据显示钻井数量月环比下降1口，DUCs下降48口，完井数量微增1口[4] **OPEC+产量预期** * EIA将2025年OPEC+原油产量预期上调60kb/d，反映了220万桶/日的自愿减产将全面解除，但最近宣布的10月增产137kb/d尚未被纳入考量[2] 其他重要内容 **估值方法与风险陈述** * 历史上油价被证明始终难以预测，受众多政治、地质和经济趋势及事件影响[6] * 油价在短期、中期和长期都极度波动，经常受到本质上不可预测的事件影响，包括自然灾害[6] **分析师评级分布** * UBS的12个月评级中，52%的公司覆盖为买入评级，41%为中性评级，8%为卖出评级[10] * 提供投资银行服务的比例在买入评级公司中占22%，中性评级中占20%，卖出评级中占22%[10] * 短期评级覆盖极少，买入和卖出评级覆盖率均低于1%[10] **免责声明与合规信息** * 文件包含大量标准化的法律免责声明、风险提示和监管信息披露，涉及全球多个司法管辖区[7][8][9][18][19][20][25][26][27][28][30][31][32][33][34][35][41][42][43][44][45][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] * 强调了研究独立性、潜在利益冲突的管理以及分析师薪酬与投资银行业务收入无关[9][35][38][59] * 明确指出油价预测和任何信息不得用于估值、会计目的或确定金融工具的价格或价值[33][34][56] **公司信息** * 报告由UBS AG伦敦分行编写，主要分析师包括Nayoung Kim、Henri Patricot, CFA和Joshua Stone[5][17] * 文件日期为2025年9月9日[1]

[角色] 你是一名拥有10年投资银行从业经验的资深研究分析师，专门负责上市公司、行业研究。你擅长解读公司财报、行业动态、宏观市场，发现潜在的投资机会和风险。 [任务] 你需要仔细研读一份上市公司或者行业研究的电话会议记录，请阅读全文，一步一步思考，总结全文列出关键要点，不要错过任何信息，包括： * 纪要涉及的行业或者公司 * 纪要提到的核心观点和论据 * 其他重要但是可能被忽略的内容 如果没有相关内容，请跳过这一部分，进行其他的部分。 总结时要全面、详细、尽可能覆盖全部的内容、不遗漏重点,并根据上述方面对内容进行分组。 要引用原文数字数据和百分比变化,注意单位换算(billion=十亿,million=百万,thousand=千)。 [注意事项] 1) 使用中文,不要出现句号 2) 采用markdown格式 3) 不使用第一人称,以"公司"、"行业"代替 4) 只输出关于公司和行业的内容 5) 在每一个关键点后用[序号]形式引用原文档id 6) 一个[序号]只应该包含一个数字，不能包含多个，如果多个就用[序号][序号]分开写，不要写成 [序号-序号] 7) 每个关键要点后边的 [序号] 不要超过 3 个 Content: --------- <doc id='1'>ab 7 September 2025</doc> <doc id='2'>First Read Global Oil Fundamentals OPEC+ to push further OPEC+ partners to keep raising production in October The eight OPEC+ members carrying out the second tranche of voluntary cuts of 1.65Mb/ d announced on Sunday that they will raise oil production by 137kb/d in October (link). This will continue the production increases after the group fully unwinds the previous 2.2Mb/d voluntary cuts by the end of September, in only six months. The October run rate implies a return of 1.65Mb/d over one year but the group emphasised that any further adjustment remains contingent on evolving market conditions. The oil price had already dropped last week on reports that the group would continue raising production (link), limiting the immediate impact, but we would still expect the decision to weigh on prices. The next meeting is scheduled for 5 October.</doc> <doc id='3'>Actual production increase likely to be even lower than for the first tranche Even more than for the first tranche of production cuts, we expect the actual production increase from this second tranche to fall short of the headline number. We estimate that only around 40% of the 1.65Mb/d is likely to materialise, compared to a ~60% increase for the previous 2.2Mb/d. We expect the bulk of this increase to be driven by Saudi Arabia (500kb/d) and the UAE (144kb/d). This is due to a combination of countries already producing above target and in some cases limited ability to increase production further. See Figure 2 for full breakdown of the 1.65Mb/d.</doc> <doc id='4'>Still, even larger surplus looms, higher risk of <$60/bbl This weekend's announcement reinforces our caution on oil prices near-term (UBSe $62/ bbl Brent in 4Q25/1Q26). We were already projecting much larger surpluses in the oil market over the next few months in our last monthly update: 1.2Mb/d in 4Q25 and 2.4Mb/d in 1Q26, before the October increase. If OPEC+ partners continue at this pace over the next few months, the surplus would rise to ~2.7Mb/d. This has the potential to bring prices below our base case and push Brent sub-$60/bbl in our view. The decision could prove to be supportive in the longer term as it could show that real spare capacity within the group is more limited now and reduce non-OPEC supply growth.</doc> <doc id='5'>Equities Global Oil Companies, Major Henri Patricot, CFA Analyst henri.patricot@ubs.com +33-14-888 3033 Nayoung Kim Analyst nayoung.kim@ubs.com +44-20-7568 4010 Joshua Stone Analyst joshua.stone@ubs.com +44-20-7901 5588 Josh Silverstein Analyst josh.silverstein@ubs.com +1-212-713 3513 Tom Allen Analyst tom.allen@ubs.com +61-3-9242 6237 Tasso Vasconcellos Analyst tasso.vasconcellos@ubs.com +55-11-2767 6683 This report has been prepared by UBS Europe SE. ANALYST CERTIFICATION AND REQUIRED DISCLOSURES, including information on the Quantitative Research Review published by UBS, begin on page 5. UBS does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision.</doc> <doc id='6'>-500 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 Apr-25 Jul-25 Oct-25 Jan-26 Apr-26 Jul-26 Oct-26 Russia Oman Kazakhstan UAE Saudi Arabia Kuwait Iraq Algeria Cumulative increase UBSe cumulative increase Cumulative increase without compensation UBSe vs. March target level</doc> <doc id='7'>Figure 1: Planned gradual return of the voluntary cuts (cumulative increase, kb/d)</doc> <doc id='8'>Source: OPEC, UBS. Note: includes the 300kb/d UAE quota increase and the announced October 2025 increase, but no increase beyond October 2025.</doc> <doc id='9'>| Figure 2: Split of the October increase and second tranche of voluntary cuts | | --- | | kb/d | October increase | Share of the 1.65Mb/d cuts | | --- | --- | --- | | Saudi Arabia | 42 | 500 | | UAE | 12 | 144 | | Russia | 42 | 500 | | Iraq | 17 | 211 | | Kuwait | 11 | 128 | | Kazakhstan | 6 | 78 | | Algeria | 4 | 48 | | Oman | 3 | 40 | | | 137 | 1649 | Source: OPEC.</doc> <doc id='10'>Figure 3: Quarterly global oil supply and demand balance (Mb/d)</doc> <doc id='11'>98 100 102 104 106 108 110 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 2Q22 4Q22 2Q23 4Q23 2Q24 4Q24 2Q25 4Q25E 2Q26E 4Q26E Oil demand/supply balance (Mb/d) Stock changes (Mb/d) Implied over/ (under) supply Demand Supply</doc> <doc id='12'>Source: IEA, UBSe.</doc> <doc id='13'>-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 Jan-24 Apr-24 Jul-24 Oct-24 Jan-25 Apr-25 Jul-25 Iraq Kazakhstan Russia</doc> <doc id='14'>Figure 4: Production gap to targets for the 3 OPEC+ members due to implement compensation plans, based on OPEC secondary sources (kb/d) Source: OPEC, UBS.</doc> <doc id='15'>Valuation Method and Risk Statement In history, oil prices have proved consistently unpredictable because so many political, geological, and economic trends and events affect the supply of and demand for oil. Oil prices are extremely volatile in the short, medium and long term, as they are frequently affected by inherently unpredictable events, including natural disasters.</doc> <doc id='16'>Required Disclosures This document has been prepared by UBS Europe SE, an affiliate of UBS AG. UBS AG, its subsidiaries, branches and affiliates, including former Credit Suisse AG and its subsidiaries, branches and affiliates are referred to herein as "UBS".</doc> <doc id='17'>For information on the ways in which UBS manages conflicts and maintains independence of its UBS Global Research product; historical performance information; certain additional disclosures concerning UBS Global Research recommendations; and terms and conditions for certain third party data used in research report, please visit https://www.ubs.com/disclosures. 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A consolidated report which contains all responses is also available and again you should contact your UBS sales representative for details and pricing or the Quantitative Research team on the email above.</doc> <doc id='18'>Analyst Certification: Each research analyst primarily responsible for the content of this research report, in whole or in part, certifies that with respect to each security or issuer that the analyst covered in this report: (1) all of the views expressed accurately reflect his or her personal views about those securities or issuers and were prepared in an independent manner, including with respect to UBS, and (2) no part of his or her compensation was, is, or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed by that research analyst in the research report.</doc> <doc id='19'>| 12-Month Rating | Definition | Coverage1 | IB Services2 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Buy | FSR is > 6% above the MRA. | 52% | | 22% | | Neutral | FSR is between -6% and 6% of the MRA. | 41% | | 20% | | Sell | FSR is > 6% below the MRA. | 8% | | 22% | | Short-Term Rating | Definition | Coverage3 | IB Services4 | | | Buy | Stock price expected to rise within three months from the time the rating was assigned because of a specific catalyst or event. | <1% | | <1% | | Sell | Stock price expected to fall within three months from the time the rating was assigned because of a specific catalyst or event. | <1% | | <1% |</doc> <doc id='20'>UBS Global Research: Global Equity Rating Definitions</doc> <doc id='21'>Source: UBS. Rating allocations are as of 30 June 2025. 1:Percentage of companies under coverage globally within the 12-month rating category. 2:Percentage of companies within the 12-month rating category for which investment banking (IB) services were provided within the past 12 months. 3:Percentage of companies under coverage globally within the Short-Term rating category.</doc> <doc id='22'>4:Percentage of companies within the Short-Term rating category for which investment banking (IB) services were provided within the past 12 months.</doc> <doc id='23'>KEY DEFINITIONS:Forecast Stock Return (FSR) is defined as expected percentage price appreciation plus gross dividend yield over the next 12 months. In some cases, this yield may be based on accrued dividends. Market Return Assumption (MRA) is defined as the one-year local market interest rate plus 5% (a proxy for, and not a forecast of, the equity risk premium). 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As a result, stocks deemed to be very high or low risk may be subject to higher or lower bands as they relate to the rating. When such exceptions apply, they will be identified in the Company Disclosures table in the relevant research piece.</doc> <doc id='25'>Research analysts contributing to this report who are employed by any non-US affiliate of UBS Securities LLC are not registered/ qualified as research analysts with FINRA. Such analysts may not be associated persons of UBS Securities LLC and therefore are not subject to the FINRA restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances, and trading securities held by a research analyst account. 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