Raising the Bar: PSA Level 4 Certification PSA Certified introduced the Level 4 certification and its two designations, iSE/SE for secure elements and ROT for Root of Trust, to address the rising complexity and sophistication of physical attacks on embedded devices. Unlike previous levels, Level 4 validates resilience against laser fault injection, side-channel attacks, microprobing, and voltage manipulation – threats once considered theoretical but now part of the evolving reality. Silicon Labs has consist ...