As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 21, 2024 Registration No. 333-278890 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Amendment No. 2 to FORM S-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Delaware 7380 59-2262718 (primary standard industrial classification code number) (I.R.S. Employer Identification ...